Olga Rubtsova (August 20, 1909 - December 13, 1994) was a Soviet chess player.
She won the USSR Women´s Championship several times, and was second in the 1950 Women´s World Championship, a point behind Ludmila Rudenko. She won the title in 1956, finishing ahead of Rudenko and Elizaveta Bykova in a match tournament, before losing it to Bikova in a match in 1958.
Rubtsova also played correspondence chess, and became first Women´s Correspondence Chess Champion in 1972 (she also finished second in the next championship, only losing the title to Lora Jakovleva on tie-break, and fifth in the one after that). As of 2005, she remains the only player, male or female, to become World Champion in both over-the-board and correspondence chess.
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