The Hungarian Defense is a chess opening that begins with the moves
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Be7
The Hungarian Defense takes its name from a correspondence game between Paris and Pest, Hungary played in 1824–1825. The Hungarian Defense usually leads to solid positions for Black, and it has been played by some grandmasters with strong defensive-positional styles including Reshevsky and Hort, and former World Champions
Petrosian and Smyslov.
With the move 3...Be7, Black avoids the complexities of the Giuoco Piano (3...Bc5), Evans Gambit (3...Bc5 4.b4), and Two Knights Defense (3...Nf6). In exchange, White has an advantage in space and freer development, so Black must be prepared to defend a cramped position.
The best response for White is 4.d4 when taking the d-pawn with 4...exd4 is not advisable for Black. White could then play 5.c3 when taking the c-pawn would be a bad blunder (5...dxc3? 6.Qd5 and White wins), so Black´s best move under the circumstances would be 5...Nh6 even though this position would be unpleasant to defend. Instead Black should be content to try to hold the center with 4...d6. White then has a choice of plans, each of which should be enough to secure a slight advantage. White can simplify to a slightly better endgame with 5.dxe5 dxe5 (5...Nxe5 6.Nxe5 dxe5 7.Qh5 and White´s double attack on e5 and f7 wins a pawn) 6.Qxd8+ Bxd8 7.Nc3 Nf6. White can also close the center with 5.d5 Nb8, followed by expansion on the queenside with c4 resulting in positions resembling those from the King´s Indian Defense. Finally, with 5.Nc3 White can retain tension in the center and obtain active piece play.
References
- Hooper, David and Kenneth Whyld (1996). The Oxford Companion To Chess. Oxford University. ISBN 0-19-280049-3.
- De Firmian, Nick (1999). Modern Chess Openings: MCO-14. Random House Puzzles & Games. ISBN 0-8129-3084-3.
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